After we use VM or Cluster for a while we must have more concern about security. So now we will add more about patching and hardening to our cluster
Objective
- provision test vm
- install technical security auditing tool
- test audit before patch and hardening
- review suggestions from auditing tool
- create patching script
- Review suggestions from auditing tool
- Create new cluster with vm’s patching and hardening
- Patching and hardening in production cluster
Overview
we will start to explain how we can create script for patching and hardening.
Provision test vm
git clone https://github.com/dounpct/terraform-vm-rke-custom.git- fill data in terraform.tfvars
terraform init
terraform plan
terraform apply- we can separate external tfvars that contain secret out of version control such as vsphere_password, vm_password and so on then we can run terraform with override var file
- Example of terraform-rancher-manager.tfvars
vsphere_server = "10.10.10.1"
vsphere_user = "jiw@vsphere.local"
vsphere_datacenter = "DC-01"
vsphere_datastore = "DS01_PROD"
vsphere_cluster = "D3P-01"
vsphere_pool = "POOL-PROD-01"
vsphere_network = "DVS_PROD_APP_VL001_10.100.100.0"
virtual_template = "tt2d-jiw-test-ubuntu-template-02"
vm_cpu = "2"
vm_memory = "4096"
network_gateway = "10.100.100.1"
network_netmask = "23"
host_domain = "domain.local"
vm_user = "jiw"
vsphere_password = "12345678"
vm_password = "12345678"
virtual_machines = {
tt2d-jiw-test-vm = {
ip = "10.100.100.10"
}
}
dns_server_list = ["10.100.100.1","10.100.100.2"]terraform apply -var-file="/mnt/d/work-github/tfvar-secret/terraform-rancher-manager.tfvars"- wait to provision
Install technical security auditing tool
wget -O - https://packages.cisofy.com/keys/cisofy-software-public.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://packages.cisofy.com/community/lynis/deb/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cisofy-lynis.list
echo 'Acquire::Languages "none";' | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99disable-translations
sudo apt update
sudo apt install lynis -y
lynis -V
# now version 3.0.8Test audit before patch and hardening
lynis audit systemresult
[ Lynis 3.0.8 ]
################################################################################
Lynis comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are
welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
See the LICENSE file for details about using this software.
2007-2021, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/
Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools)
################################################################################
[+] Initializing program
------------------------------------
- Detecting OS... [ DONE ]
- Checking profiles... [ DONE ]
---------------------------------------------------
Program version: 3.0.8
Operating system: Linux
Operating system name: Ubuntu
Operating system version: 20.04
Kernel version: 5.4.0
Hardware platform: x86_64
Hostname: tt2d-jiw-test-vm
---------------------------------------------------
Profiles: /etc/lynis/default.prf
Log file: /var/log/lynis.log
Report file: /var/log/lynis-report.dat
Report version: 1.0
Plugin directory: /usr/share/lynis/plugins
---------------------------------------------------
Auditor: [Not Specified]
Language: en
Test category: all
Test group: all
---------------------------------------------------
- Program update status... [ NO UPDATE ]
[+] System tools
------------------------------------
- Scanning available tools...
- Checking system binaries...
[+] Plugins (phase 1)
------------------------------------
Note: plugins have more extensive tests and may take several minutes to complete
- Plugins enabled [ NONE ]
[+] Boot and services
------------------------------------
- Service Manager [ systemd ]
- Checking UEFI boot [ DISABLED ]
- Checking presence GRUB2 [ FOUND ]
- Checking for password protection [ NONE ]
- Check running services (systemctl) [ DONE ]
Result: found 27 running services
- Check enabled services at boot (systemctl) [ DONE ]
Result: found 66 enabled services
- Check startup files (permissions) [ OK ]
- Running 'systemd-analyze security'
- ModemManager.service: [ MEDIUM ]
- accounts-daemon.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- apport.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- atd.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- cloud-init-hotplugd.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- containerd.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- cron.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- dbus.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- dm-event.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- dmesg.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- docker.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- emergency.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- getty@tty1.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- irqbalance.service: [ MEDIUM ]
- iscsid.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- lvm2-lvmpolld.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- lxd-agent.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- multipathd.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- networkd-dispatcher.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- ntp-systemd-netif.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- ntp.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- ondemand.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- open-vm-tools.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- packagekit.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- plymouth-start.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- polkit.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- rc-local.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- rescue.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- resolvconf.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- rsync.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- rsyslog.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- snap.lxd.daemon.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- snapd.aa-prompt-listener.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- snapd.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- ssh.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- systemd-ask-password-console.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- systemd-ask-password-wall.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- systemd-fsckd.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- systemd-initctl.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- systemd-journald.service: [ PROTECTED ]
- systemd-logind.service: [ PROTECTED ]
- systemd-networkd.service: [ PROTECTED ]
- systemd-resolved.service: [ PROTECTED ]
- systemd-rfkill.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- systemd-udevd.service: [ EXPOSED ]
- thermald.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- ubuntu-advantage.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- udisks2.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- unattended-upgrades.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- user@1000.service: [ UNSAFE ]
- uuidd.service: [ PROTECTED ]
- vgauth.service: [ UNSAFE ]
[+] Kernel
------------------------------------
- Checking default run level [ RUNLEVEL 5 ]
- Checking CPU support (NX/PAE)
CPU support: PAE and/or NoeXecute supported [ FOUND ]
- Checking kernel version and release [ DONE ]
- Checking kernel type [ DONE ]
- Checking loaded kernel modules [ DONE ]
Found 93 active modules
- Checking Linux kernel configuration file [ FOUND ]
- Checking default I/O kernel scheduler [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking for available kernel update [ OK ]
- Checking core dumps configuration
- configuration in systemd conf files [ DEFAULT ]
- configuration in /etc/profile [ DEFAULT ]
- 'hard' configuration in /etc/security/limits.conf [ DEFAULT ]
- 'soft' configuration in /etc/security/limits.conf [ DEFAULT ]
- Checking setuid core dumps configuration [ PROTECTED ]
- Check if reboot is needed [ NO ]
[+] Memory and Processes
------------------------------------
- Checking /proc/meminfo [ FOUND ]
- Searching for dead/zombie processes [ NOT FOUND ]
- Searching for IO waiting processes [ NOT FOUND ]
- Search prelink tooling [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] Users, Groups and Authentication
------------------------------------
- Administrator accounts [ OK ]
- Unique UIDs [ OK ]
- Consistency of group files (grpck) [ OK ]
- Unique group IDs [ OK ]
- Unique group names [ OK ]
- Password file consistency [ OK ]
- Password hashing methods [ SUGGESTION ]
- Checking password hashing rounds [ DISABLED ]
- Query system users (non daemons) [ DONE ]
- NIS+ authentication support [ NOT ENABLED ]
- NIS authentication support [ NOT ENABLED ]
- Sudoers file(s) [ FOUND ]
- Permissions for directory: /etc/sudoers.d [ WARNING ]
- Permissions for: /etc/sudoers [ OK ]
- Permissions for: /etc/sudoers.d/README [ OK ]
- PAM password strength tools [ SUGGESTION ]
- PAM configuration files (pam.conf) [ FOUND ]
- PAM configuration files (pam.d) [ FOUND ]
- PAM modules [ FOUND ]
- LDAP module in PAM [ NOT FOUND ]
- Accounts without expire date [ SUGGESTION ]
- Accounts without password [ OK ]
- Locked accounts [ OK ]
- Checking user password aging (minimum) [ DISABLED ]
- User password aging (maximum) [ DISABLED ]
- Checking expired passwords [ OK ]
- Checking Linux single user mode authentication [ OK ]
- Determining default umask
- umask (/etc/profile) [ NOT FOUND ]
- umask (/etc/login.defs) [ SUGGESTION ]
- LDAP authentication support [ NOT ENABLED ]
- Logging failed login attempts [ ENABLED ]
[+] Shells
------------------------------------
- Checking shells from /etc/shells
Result: found 9 shells (valid shells: 9).
- Session timeout settings/tools [ NONE ]
- Checking default umask values
- Checking default umask in /etc/bash.bashrc [ NONE ]
- Checking default umask in /etc/profile [ NONE ]
[+] File systems
------------------------------------
- Checking mount points
- Checking /home mount point [ SUGGESTION ]
- Checking /tmp mount point [ SUGGESTION ]
- Checking /var mount point [ SUGGESTION ]
- Checking LVM volume groups [ FOUND ]
- Checking LVM volumes [ FOUND ]
- Query swap partitions (fstab) [ OK ]
- Testing swap partitions [ OK ]
- Testing /proc mount (hidepid) [ SUGGESTION ]
- Checking for old files in /tmp [ OK ]
- Checking /tmp sticky bit [ OK ]
- Checking /var/tmp sticky bit [ OK ]
- ACL support root file system [ ENABLED ]
- Mount options of / [ OK ]
- Mount options of /boot [ DEFAULT ]
- Mount options of /dev [ HARDENED ]
- Mount options of /dev/shm [ PARTIALLY HARDENED ]
- Mount options of /run [ HARDENED ]
- Total without nodev:7 noexec:12 nosuid:10 ro or noexec (W^X): 7 of total 42
- Disable kernel support of some filesystems
[+] USB Devices
------------------------------------
- Checking usb-storage driver (modprobe config) [ NOT DISABLED ]
- Checking USB devices authorization [ DISABLED ]
- Checking USBGuard [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] Storage
------------------------------------
- Checking firewire ohci driver (modprobe config) [ DISABLED ]
[+] NFS
------------------------------------
- Check running NFS daemon [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] Name services
------------------------------------
- Searching DNS domain name [ FOUND ]
Domain name: trueid.local
- Checking /etc/hosts
- Duplicate entries in hosts file [ NONE ]
- Presence of configured hostname in /etc/hosts [ FOUND ]
- Hostname mapped to localhost [ NOT FOUND ]
- Localhost mapping to IP address [ OK ]
[+] Ports and packages
------------------------------------
- Searching package managers
- Searching dpkg package manager [ FOUND ]
- Querying package manager
- Query unpurged packages [ FOUND ]
- Checking security repository in sources.list file [ OK ]
- Checking APT package database [ OK ]
- Checking vulnerable packages [ WARNING ]
- Checking upgradeable packages [ SKIPPED ]
- Checking package audit tool [ INSTALLED ]
Found: apt-get
- Toolkit for automatic upgrades (unattended-upgrade) [ FOUND ]
[+] Networking
------------------------------------
- Checking IPv6 configuration [ ENABLED ]
Configuration method [ AUTO ]
IPv6 only [ NO ]
- Checking configured nameservers
- Testing nameservers
Nameserver: 10.100.100.1 [ OK ]
Nameserver: 10.100.100.2 [ OK ]
Nameserver: 127.0.0.53 [ OK ]
- DNSSEC supported (systemd-resolved) [ NO ]
- Getting listening ports (TCP/UDP) [ DONE ]
- Checking promiscuous interfaces [ OK ]
- Checking status DHCP client
- Checking for ARP monitoring software [ NOT FOUND ]
- Uncommon network protocols [ 0 ]
[+] Printers and Spools
------------------------------------
- Checking cups daemon [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking lp daemon [ NOT RUNNING ]
[+] Software: e-mail and messaging
------------------------------------
[+] Software: firewalls
------------------------------------
- Checking iptables kernel module [ FOUND ]
- Checking iptables policies of chains [ FOUND ]
- Checking for empty ruleset [ OK ]
- Checking for unused rules [ FOUND ]
- Checking host based firewall [ ACTIVE ]
[+] Software: webserver
------------------------------------
- Checking Apache [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking nginx [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] SSH Support
------------------------------------
- Checking running SSH daemon [ FOUND ]
- Searching SSH configuration [ FOUND ]
- OpenSSH option: AllowTcpForwarding [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: ClientAliveCountMax [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: ClientAliveInterval [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: Compression [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: FingerprintHash [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: GatewayPorts [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: IgnoreRhosts [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: LoginGraceTime [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: LogLevel [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: MaxAuthTries [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: MaxSessions [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: PermitRootLogin [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: PermitUserEnvironment [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: PermitTunnel [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: Port [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: PrintLastLog [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: StrictModes [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: TCPKeepAlive [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: UseDNS [ OK ]
- OpenSSH option: X11Forwarding [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: AllowAgentForwarding [ SUGGESTION ]
- OpenSSH option: AllowUsers [ NOT FOUND ]
- OpenSSH option: AllowGroups [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] SNMP Support
------------------------------------
- Checking running SNMP daemon [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] Databases
------------------------------------
No database engines found
[+] LDAP Services
------------------------------------
- Checking OpenLDAP instance [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] PHP
------------------------------------
- Checking PHP [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] Squid Support
------------------------------------
- Checking running Squid daemon [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] Logging and files
------------------------------------
- Checking for a running log daemon [ OK ]
- Checking Syslog-NG status [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking systemd journal status [ FOUND ]
- Checking Metalog status [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking RSyslog status [ FOUND ]
- Checking RFC 3195 daemon status [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking minilogd instances [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking logrotate presence [ OK ]
- Checking remote logging [ NOT ENABLED ]
- Checking log directories (static list) [ DONE ]
- Checking open log files [ DONE ]
- Checking deleted files in use [ FILES FOUND ]
[+] Insecure services
------------------------------------
- Installed inetd package [ NOT FOUND ]
- Installed xinetd package [ OK ]
- xinetd status
- Installed rsh client package [ OK ]
- Installed rsh server package [ OK ]
- Installed telnet client package [ OK ]
- Installed telnet server package [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking NIS client installation [ OK ]
- Checking NIS server installation [ OK ]
- Checking TFTP client installation [ OK ]
- Checking TFTP server installation [ OK ]
[+] Banners and identification
------------------------------------
- /etc/issue [ FOUND ]
- /etc/issue contents [ WEAK ]
- /etc/issue.net [ FOUND ]
- /etc/issue.net contents [ WEAK ]
[+] Scheduled tasks
------------------------------------
- Checking crontab and cronjob files [ DONE ]
- Checking atd status [ RUNNING ]
- Checking at users [ DONE ]
- Checking at jobs [ NONE ]
[+] Accounting
------------------------------------
- Checking accounting information [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking sysstat accounting data [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking auditd [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] Time and Synchronization
------------------------------------
- NTP daemon found: ntpd [ FOUND ]
- Checking for a running NTP daemon or client [ OK ]
- Checking valid association ID's [ FOUND ]
- Checking high stratum ntp peers [ OK ]
- Checking unreliable ntp peers [ NONE ]
- Checking selected time source [ WARNING ]
- Checking time source candidates [ NONE ]
- Checking falsetickers [ OK ]
- Checking NTP version [ FOUND ]
[+] Cryptography
------------------------------------
- Checking for expired SSL certificates [0/131] [ NONE ]
- Found 0 encrypted and 1 unencrypted swap devices in use. [ OK ]
- Kernel entropy is sufficient [ YES ]
- HW RNG & rngd [ NO ]
- SW prng [ NO ]
- MOR variable not found [ WEAK ]
[+] Virtualization
------------------------------------
[+] Containers
------------------------------------
- Docker
- Docker daemon [ RUNNING ]
- Docker info output (warnings) [ 1 ]
- Containers
- Total containers [ 0 ]
- File permissions [ OK ]
[+] Security frameworks
------------------------------------
- Checking presence AppArmor [ FOUND ]
- Checking AppArmor status [ ENABLED ]
Found 40 unconfined processes
- Checking presence SELinux [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking presence TOMOYO Linux [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking presence grsecurity [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking for implemented MAC framework [ OK ]
[+] Software: file integrity
------------------------------------
- Checking file integrity tools
- dm-integrity (status) [ DISABLED ]
- dm-verity (status) [ DISABLED ]
- Checking presence integrity tool [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] Software: System tooling
------------------------------------
- Checking automation tooling
- Automation tooling [ NOT FOUND ]
- Checking for IDS/IPS tooling [ NONE ]
[+] Software: Malware
------------------------------------
- Malware software components [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] File Permissions
------------------------------------
- Starting file permissions check
File: /boot/grub/grub.cfg [ OK ]
File: /etc/at.deny [ SUGGESTION ]
File: /etc/crontab [ SUGGESTION ]
File: /etc/group [ OK ]
File: /etc/group- [ OK ]
File: /etc/hosts.allow [ OK ]
File: /etc/hosts.deny [ OK ]
File: /etc/issue [ OK ]
File: /etc/issue.net [ OK ]
File: /etc/passwd [ OK ]
File: /etc/passwd- [ OK ]
File: /etc/ssh/sshd_config [ SUGGESTION ]
Directory: /root/.ssh [ OK ]
Directory: /etc/cron.d [ SUGGESTION ]
Directory: /etc/cron.daily [ SUGGESTION ]
Directory: /etc/cron.hourly [ SUGGESTION ]
Directory: /etc/cron.weekly [ SUGGESTION ]
Directory: /etc/cron.monthly [ SUGGESTION ]
[+] Home directories
------------------------------------
- Permissions of home directories [ WARNING ]
- Ownership of home directories [ OK ]
- Checking shell history files [ OK ]
[+] Kernel Hardening
------------------------------------
- Comparing sysctl key pairs with scan profile
- dev.tty.ldisc_autoload (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- fs.protected_fifos (exp: 2) [ DIFFERENT ]
- fs.protected_hardlinks (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- fs.protected_regular (exp: 2) [ OK ]
- fs.protected_symlinks (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- fs.suid_dumpable (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.core_uses_pid (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.ctrl-alt-del (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- kernel.dmesg_restrict (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.kptr_restrict (exp: 2) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.modules_disabled (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.perf_event_paranoid (exp: 3) [ OK ]
- kernel.randomize_va_space (exp: 2) [ OK ]
- kernel.sysrq (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.yama.ptrace_scope (exp: 1 2 3) [ OK ]
- net.core.bpf_jit_harden (exp: 2) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.bootp_relay (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.proxy_arp (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps (exp: 0 1) [ OK ]
- net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route (exp: 0) [ OK ]
[+] Hardening
------------------------------------
- Installed compiler(s) [ NOT FOUND ]
- Installed malware scanner [ NOT FOUND ]
- Non-native binary formats [ NOT FOUND ]
[+] Custom tests
------------------------------------
- Running custom tests... [ NONE ]
[+] Plugins (phase 2)
------------------------------------
================================================================================
-[ Lynis 3.0.8 Results ]-
Warnings (1):
----------------------------
! Found one or more vulnerable packages. [PKGS-7392]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/PKGS-7392/
Suggestions (50):
----------------------------
* This release is more than 4 months old. Check the website or GitHub to see if there is an update available. [LYNIS]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/LYNIS/
* Set a password on GRUB boot loader to prevent altering boot configuration (e.g. boot in single user mode without password) [BOOT-5122]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/BOOT-5122/
* Consider hardening system services [BOOT-5264]
- Details : Run '/usr/bin/systemd-analyze security SERVICE' for each service
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/BOOT-5264/
* If not required, consider explicit disabling of core dump in /etc/security/limits.conf file [KRNL-5820]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/KRNL-5820/
* Check PAM configuration, add rounds if applicable and expire passwords to encrypt with new values [AUTH-9229]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9229/
* Configure password hashing rounds in /etc/login.defs [AUTH-9230]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9230/
* Install a PAM module for password strength testing like pam_cracklib or pam_passwdqc [AUTH-9262]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9262/
* When possible set expire dates for all password protected accounts [AUTH-9282]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9282/
* Configure minimum password age in /etc/login.defs [AUTH-9286]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9286/
* Configure maximum password age in /etc/login.defs [AUTH-9286]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9286/
* Default umask in /etc/login.defs could be more strict like 027 [AUTH-9328]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9328/
* To decrease the impact of a full /home file system, place /home on a separate partition [FILE-6310]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/FILE-6310/
* To decrease the impact of a full /tmp file system, place /tmp on a separate partition [FILE-6310]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/FILE-6310/
* To decrease the impact of a full /var file system, place /var on a separate partition [FILE-6310]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/FILE-6310/
* Disable drivers like USB storage when not used, to prevent unauthorized storage or data theft [USB-1000]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/USB-1000/
* Purge old/removed packages (1 found) with aptitude purge or dpkg --purge command. This will cleanup old configuration files, cron jobs and startup scripts. [PKGS-7346]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/PKGS-7346/
* Install debsums utility for the verification of packages with known good database. [PKGS-7370]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/PKGS-7370/
* Update your system with apt-get update, apt-get upgrade, apt-get dist-upgrade and/or unattended-upgrades [PKGS-7392]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/PKGS-7392/
* Install package apt-show-versions for patch management purposes [PKGS-7394]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/PKGS-7394/
* Determine if protocol 'dccp' is really needed on this system [NETW-3200]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/NETW-3200/
* Determine if protocol 'sctp' is really needed on this system [NETW-3200]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/NETW-3200/
* Determine if protocol 'rds' is really needed on this system [NETW-3200]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/NETW-3200/
* Determine if protocol 'tipc' is really needed on this system [NETW-3200]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/NETW-3200/
* Check iptables rules to see which rules are currently not used [FIRE-4513]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/FIRE-4513/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : AllowTcpForwarding (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : ClientAliveCountMax (set 3 to 2)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : Compression (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : LogLevel (set INFO to VERBOSE)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : MaxAuthTries (set 6 to 3)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : MaxSessions (set 10 to 2)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : Port (set 22 to )
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : TCPKeepAlive (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : X11Forwarding (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : AllowAgentForwarding (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Enable logging to an external logging host for archiving purposes and additional protection [LOGG-2154]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/LOGG-2154/
* Check what deleted files are still in use and why. [LOGG-2190]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/LOGG-2190/
* Add a legal banner to /etc/issue, to warn unauthorized users [BANN-7126]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/BANN-7126/
* Add legal banner to /etc/issue.net, to warn unauthorized users [BANN-7130]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/BANN-7130/
* Enable process accounting [ACCT-9622]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/ACCT-9622/
* Enable sysstat to collect accounting (no results) [ACCT-9626]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/ACCT-9626/
* Enable auditd to collect audit information [ACCT-9628]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/ACCT-9628/
* Check ntpq peers output for selected time source [TIME-3124]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/TIME-3124/
* Check ntpq peers output for time source candidates [TIME-3128]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/TIME-3128/
* Run 'docker info' to see warnings applicable to Docker daemon [CONT-8104]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/CONT-8104/
* Install a file integrity tool to monitor changes to critical and sensitive files [FINT-4350]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/FINT-4350/
* Determine if automation tools are present for system management [TOOL-5002]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/TOOL-5002/
* Consider restricting file permissions [FILE-7524]
- Details : See screen output or log file
- Solution : Use chmod to change file permissions
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/FILE-7524/
* Double check the permissions of home directories as some might be not strict enough. [HOME-9304]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/HOME-9304/
* One or more sysctl values differ from the scan profile and could be tweaked [KRNL-6000]
- Solution : Change sysctl value or disable test (skip-test=KRNL-6000:<sysctl-key>)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/KRNL-6000/
* Harden the system by installing at least one malware scanner, to perform periodic file system scans [HRDN-7230]
- Solution : Install a tool like rkhunter, chkrootkit, OSSEC
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/HRDN-7230/
Follow-up:
----------------------------
- Show details of a test (lynis show details TEST-ID)
- Check the logfile for all details (less /var/log/lynis.log)
- Read security controls texts (https://cisofy.com)
- Use --upload to upload data to central system (Lynis Enterprise users)
================================================================================
Lynis security scan details:
Hardening index : 60 [############ ]
Tests performed : 258
Plugins enabled : 0
Components:
- Firewall [V]
- Malware scanner [X]
Scan mode:
Normal [V] Forensics [ ] Integration [ ] Pentest [ ]
Lynis modules:
- Compliance status [?]
- Security audit [V]
- Vulnerability scan [V]
Files:
- Test and debug information : /var/log/lynis.log
- Report data : /var/log/lynis-report.dat
================================================================================
Lynis 3.0.8
Auditing, system hardening, and compliance for UNIX-based systems
(Linux, macOS, BSD, and others)
2007-2021, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/
Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools)
================================================================================
[TIP]: Enhance Lynis audits by adding your settings to custom.prf (see /etc/lynis/default.prf for all settings)- score : Hardening index : 60
Warnings (1):
----------------------------
! Found one or more vulnerable packages. [PKGS-7392]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/PKGS-7392/
Suggestions (50):if don’t have any warning then you can skip to create hardenning script
Create patching script
#!/bin/bash
# ChangeLog
#
# ChangeLog
# use sudo script.bash
# clean
apt-get clean -y
# set exclude service
# sudo apt-mark hold \
# golang* \
# openjdk* \
# vault*
# sudo apt-mark unhold \
# golang* \
# openjdk* \
# vault*
apt update && apt upgrade -y
- test score
lynis audit system- after success score still 60 and still have warning
- if you don’t have warning about vulnerable packages. you can skip to suggestions
- update unattended-upgrades
ref : https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/PKGS-7392/
ref : https://linux-audit.com/using-unattended-upgrades-on-debian-and-ubuntu/
unattended-upgrades -v- test score
lynis audit system
score now : Hardening index : 64
reboot
Lynis security scan details:
******** Hardening index : 65 *********
Review suggestions from auditing tool
* If not required, consider explicit disabling of core dump in /etc/security/limits.conf file [KRNL-5820]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/KRNL-5820/echo "Setting core dump security limits"
echo '* hard core 0' > /etc/security/limits.conf* Configure minimum password age in /etc/login.defs [AUTH-9286]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9286/
* Configure maximum password age in /etc/login.defs [AUTH-9286]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9286/echo "Set login.defs (effect with new user)"
upgrade_path=/etc/login.defs
for i in \
"PASS_MAX_DAYS 365" \
"PASS_MIN_DAYS 7" \
"PASS_WARN_AGE 7" \
; do
[[ `egrep "^${i}" ${upgrade_path}` ]] && continue
option=${i%% *}
grep -q "^${option}" ${upgrade_path} && sed -i "s/^${option}.*/$i/g" ${upgrade_path} || echo "$i" >> ${upgrade_path}
done* Default umask in /etc/login.defs could be more strict like 027 [AUTH-9328]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/AUTH-9328/sed -i "s/^UMASK.*/UMASK 027/g" /etc/login.defsLynis security scan details:
******* Hardening index : 67 *********
* Determine if protocol 'dccp' is really needed on this system [NETW-3200]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/NETW-3200/
* Determine if protocol 'sctp' is really needed on this system [NETW-3200]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/NETW-3200/
* Determine if protocol 'rds' is really needed on this system [NETW-3200]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/NETW-3200/
* Determine if protocol 'tipc' is really needed on this system [NETW-3200]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/NETW-3200/cat > /etc/modprobe.d/CIS.conf << "EOF"
install cramfs /bin/true
install freevxfs /bin/true
install jffs2 /bin/true
install hfs /bin/true
install hfsplus /bin/true
install squashfs /bin/true
install udf /bin/true
install dccp /bin/true
install sctp /bin/true
install rds /bin/true
install tipc /bin/true
install usb-storage /bin/true
install vfat /bin/true
EOFLynis security scan details:
******* Hardening index : 69 *********
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : AllowTcpForwarding (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : ClientAliveCountMax (set 3 to 2)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : Compression (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : LogLevel (set INFO to VERBOSE)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : MaxAuthTries (set 6 to 3)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : MaxSessions (set 10 to 2)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
# my system still need ssh on port 22 so I skip this
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : Port (set 22 to )
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : TCPKeepAlive (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : X11Forwarding (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/
* Consider hardening SSH configuration [SSH-7408]
- Details : AllowAgentForwarding (set YES to NO)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/SSH-7408/echo "Configuring SSH"
upgrade_path=/etc/ssh/sshd_config
cp ${upgrade_path} $AUDITDIR/sshd_config_$TIME.bak
for i in \
"LogLevel VERBOSE" \
"Protocol 2" \
"X11Forwarding no" \
"MaxAuthTries 3" \
"IgnoreRhosts yes" \
"HostbasedAuthentication no" \
"PermitRootLogin no" \
"PermitEmptyPasswords no" \
"PermitUserEnvironment no" \
"ClientAliveInterval 300" \
"ClientAliveCountMax 2" \
"LoginGraceTime 60" \
"UsePAM yes" \
"MaxStartups 10:30:60" \
"AllowTcpForwarding no" \
"AllowAgentForwarding no" \
"TCPKeepAlive no" \
"Compression no" \
"MaxSessions 2" \
"Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr" \
; do
[[ `egrep -q "^${i}" ${upgrade_path}` ]] && continue
option=${i%% *}
grep -q ${option} ${upgrade_path} && sed -i "s/.*${option}.*/$i/g" ${upgrade_path} || echo "$i" >> ${upgrade_path}
doneLynis security scan details:
******* Hardening index : 77 *********
* Consider restricting file permissions [FILE-7524]
- Details : See screen output or log file
- Solution : Use chmod to change file permissions
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/FILE-7524/# reset mod
echo "Configuring Cron"
for i in crontab cron.hourly cron.daily cron.weekly cron.monthly; do
chown root:root /etc/$i
chmod 600 /etc/$i
done
chmod 700 /etc/cron.d
echo "Verifying System File Permissions"
#(6.4) 10690 Status of the Permissions set for the '/etc/passwd-' file
chmod 600 /etc/passwd-
#(6.6) 2188 Permissions set for the '/etc/shadow' file
chmod 000 /etc/shadow
chmod 000 /etc/gshadow
chmod 644 /etc/group
# grub.cfg won't exist on an EFI system
if [ -f /boot/grub2/grub.cfg ]; then
chmod 600 /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
fi
chmod 600 /etc/at.deny
chmod 750 /etc/sudoers.d
chmod 600 /etc/rsyslog.conf
chown root:root /etc/passwd
chown root:root /etc/shadow
chown root:root /etc/gshadow
chown root:root /etc/group
# reset mod
upgrade_path=/etc/ssh/sshd_config
chown root:root ${upgrade_path}
chmod 600 ${upgrade_path}
chmod 0600 /etc/ssh/ssh_host*keyLynis security scan details:
****** Hardening index : 77 *********
* Install a file integrity tool to monitor changes to critical and sensitive files [FINT-4350]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/FINT-4350/# install AIDE
echo "Install AIDE (advanced intrusion detection environment)"
apt install aide -y
FILE=/var/lib/aide/aide.db
if [ -f "$FILE" ]; then
echo "$FILE exists."
else
echo "$FILE does not exist."
aideinit
cp /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new /var/lib/aide/aide.db
update-aide.conf
fi
# install AIDE*** no configuration need ***
Lynis security scan details:
***** Hardening index : 78 *********
* Run 'docker info' to see warnings applicable to Docker daemon [CONT-8104]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/CONT-8104/docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-docker)
compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc., v2.12.2)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.21.0)
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 20.10.21
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: a05d175400b1145e5e6a735a6710579d181e7fb0
runc version: v1.1.4-0-g5fd4c4d
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
apparmor
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 5.4.0-135-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 7.741GiB
Name: tt2d-jiw-test-vm
ID: MSZQ:IIH3:LE34:ZWS7:NJXY:3YXB:3J6K:2SP6:LBT3:LPN4:VFQ6:FJW5
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
WARNING: No swap limit support# update swap for Docker Comment this if you don't install docker
status="$(docker info 2>&1 | grep -q "WARNING: No swap limit support" && echo "NO_SWAP" || echo "HAVE_SWAP")"
echo $status
if [ "$status" == "NO_SWAP" ]; then
upgrade_path=/etc/default/grub
for i in \
"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"cgroup_enable=memory swapaccount=1\"" \
; do
[[ `grep -q "^$i" ${upgrade_path}` ]] && continue
option=${i%%=*}
if [[ `grep "^${option}=" ${upgrade_path}` ]]; then
sed -i "s/^${option}=.*/$i/g" ${upgrade_path}
else
echo "${i}" >> ${upgrade_path}
fi
done
update-grub
fi
# update swap for Docker Comment this if you don't install docker- reboot
- no warning about docker info found
* Double check the permissions of home directories as some might be not strict enough. [HOME-9304]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/HOME-9304/chmod 750 /home/*password strenth
# password
echo "Install libpam-pwquality (password quality)"
apt -y install libpam-pwquality
echo "Setting Password Quality policies"
upgrade_path=/etc/security/pwquality.conf
for i in \
"minlen = 14" \
"dcredit = -1" \
"ucredit = -1" \
"ocredit = -1" \
"lcredit = -1" \
"retry = 3" \
"minclass = 4" \
; do
[[ `grep -q "^$i" ${upgrade_path}` ]] && continue
option=${i%%=*}
if [[ `grep "^${option}" ${upgrade_path}` ]]; then
sed -i "s/^${option}.*/$i/g" ${upgrade_path}
else
echo "${i}" >> ${upgrade_path}
fi
doneLynis security scan details:
**** Hardening index : 79 *********
* Purge old/removed packages (1 found) with aptitude purge or dpkg --purge command. This will cleanup old configuration files, cron jobs and startup scripts. [PKGS-7346]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/PKGS-7346/dpkg -l | grep '^rc' | awk '{print $2}'
sudo apt-get -y purge $(dpkg -l | grep '^rc' | awk '{print $2}')Lynis security scan details:
*** Hardening index : 79 *********
* Add a legal banner to /etc/issue, to warn unauthorized users [BANN-7126]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/BANN-7126/
* Add legal banner to /etc/issue.net, to warn unauthorized users [BANN-7130]
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/BANN-7130/echo "change Banner"
sed -i "s/\#Banner none/Banner \/etc\/issue\.net/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat > /etc/issue.net << 'EOF'
/------------------------------------------------------------------------\
| *** NOTICE TO USERS *** |
| LOG OFF IMMEDIATELY if you don't have authorization |
\------------------------------------------------------------------------/
EOF
cat > /etc/motd << 'EOF'
LOCAL Group. Authorized Use Only
EOF
rm -rf /etc/issue
ln -s /etc/issue.net /etc/issuesystemctl restart sshdLynis security scan details:
***Hardening index : 79 *********
* One or more sysctl values differ from the scan profile and could be tweaked [KRNL-6000]
- Solution : Change sysctl value or disable test (skip-test=KRNL-6000:<sysctl-key>)
https://cisofy.com/lynis/controls/KRNL-6000/
[+] Kernel Hardening
------------------------------------
- Comparing sysctl key pairs with scan profile
- dev.tty.ldisc_autoload (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- fs.protected_fifos (exp: 2) [ DIFFERENT ]
- fs.protected_hardlinks (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- fs.protected_regular (exp: 2) [ OK ]
- fs.protected_symlinks (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- fs.suid_dumpable (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.core_uses_pid (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.ctrl-alt-del (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- kernel.dmesg_restrict (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.kptr_restrict (exp: 2) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.modules_disabled (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.perf_event_paranoid (exp: 3) [ OK ]
- kernel.randomize_va_space (exp: 2) [ OK ]
- kernel.sysrq (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- kernel.yama.ptrace_scope (exp: 1 2 3) [ OK ]
- net.core.bpf_jit_harden (exp: 2) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.bootp_relay (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.proxy_arp (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians (exp: 1) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies (exp: 1) [ OK ]
- net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps (exp: 0 1) [ OK ]
- net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route (exp: 0) [ OK ]
- net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects (exp: 0) [ DIFFERENT ]
- net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route (exp: 0) [ OK ]echo "Modifying Network Parameters"
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/99-CIS.conf << 'EOF'
dev.tty.ldisc_autoload=0
fs.protected_fifos=2
fs.protected_hardlinks=1
fs.protected_regular=2
fs.protected_symlinks=1
fs.suid_dumpable=0
kernel.core_uses_pid=1
kernel.ctrl-alt-del=0
kernel.dmesg_restrict=1
kernel.kptr_restrict=2
kernel.perf_event_paranoid=3
kernel.randomize_va_space=2
kernel.sysrq=0
kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled=1
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope=123
net.core.bpf_jit_harden=2
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
net.ipv4.conf.all.bootp_relay=0
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=0
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding=0
net.ipv4.conf.all.proxy_arp=0
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians=1
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=01
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
EOFLynis security scan details:
***Hardening index : 84 ********* (Amazing)
Note I skip
kernel.modules_disabled=1because it will error to start docker
- finally I will use this vm that have already patching and hardening to create new cluster
- all script for patching and hardening
git clone https://github.com/dounpct/ubuntu-patch-hardeningNote you can have more further score by checking more suggest
Create new cluster with vm’s patching and hardening
git clone https://github.com/dounpct/terraform-vm-rke-hardened.git- fill data in terraform.tfvars
terraform init
terraform plan
terraform apply- we can separate external tfvars that contain secret out of version control such as vsphere_password, vm_password and so on then we can run terraform with override var file
- Example of terraform-rancher-manager.tfvars
vsphere_server = "10.10.10.1"
vsphere_user = "jiw@vsphere.local"
vsphere_datacenter = "DC-01"
vsphere_datastore = "DS01_PROD"
vsphere_cluster = "D3P-01"
vsphere_pool = "POOL-PROD-01"
vsphere_network = "DVS_PROD_APP_VL001_10.100.100.0"
virtual_template = "tt2d-jiw-test-ubuntu-template-02-hdn"
vm_cpu = "2"
vm_memory = "4096"
network_gateway = "10.100.100.1"
network_netmask = "23"
host_domain = "domain.local"
vm_user = "jiw"
vsphere_password = "12345678"
vm_password = "12345678"
virtual_machines = {
tt2d-jiw-test-rke-master-e01 = {
ip = "10.100.100.21"
}
tt2d-jiw-test-rke-master-e02 = {
ip = "10.100.100.22"
}
tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-e01 = {
ip = "10.100.100.23"
}
tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-e02 = {
ip = "10.100.100.24"
}
tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-e03 = {
ip = "10.100.100.25"
}
}
dns_server_list = ["10.100.100.1","10.100.100.2"]- template must be vm that we already patching and hardening :
tt2d-jiw-test-ubuntu-template-02-hdn
terraform apply -var-file="/mnt/d/work-github/tfvar-secret/terraform-rke-hardened.tfvars"- wait to provision
- create rke cluster with custom rke + vsphere disk
- after we get cluster let test
- access cluster
- test create statefulset
- create test ns
kubectl create ns jiw-testkubectl apply -n jiw-test -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
name: web
selector:
app: nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: web
spec:
serviceName: "nginx"
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: k8s.gcr.io/nginx-slim:0.8
ports:
- containerPort: 80
name: web
volumeMounts:
- name: www
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: www
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
EOF- check resource created
kubectl get pvc -n jiw-test
kubectl get all -n jiw-test -o wide
- test score in worker node
- so good score still 84 point
Patching and hardening in production cluster
we will shop how to add more security to production cluster with cluster still don’t have patching and hardening
when cluster go live we need to have patching and hardening with each node sequently and need to reboot
if you have nonproduction cluster please test first at non production cluster
- checking cluster
in the this example we will upgrade with : tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-d01
- snapshot vm
before do anything impact to vm or node then we must snapshot vm and we need to consider for stop service in vm if vm have services in memory and still don’t write data to persistence storage
- in vcenter select vm → take snapshot
- check pod in tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-d01
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide --field-selector spec.nodeName=tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-d01
- drain pod from node
kubectl drain tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-d01 --ignore-daemonsetsthere are error about cannot delete Pods with local storage
try
kubectl drain tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-d01 --ignore-daemonsets --delete-emptydir-data
- patching and hardening
in node: tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-d01
git clone https://github.com/dounpct/ubuntu-patch-hardening
cd ubuntu-patch-hardening
chmod 700 *
./install-lynis.bash
./ubuntu-20.04-patch.bash
./ubuntu-20.04-hardening.bash
script need to wait for a while at step createing AIDE database
- reboot
- testing tool and scores
lynis audit system
- uncordon node
kubectl uncordon tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-d01
- verify new pod start in tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-d01
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces --field-selector spec.nodeName=tt2d-jiw-test-rke-worker-d01
- repeat step in other node
Note for AIDE
AIDE is a Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment open source software
after we install and set database we can check for anychange with our file system
aide -c /etc/aide/aide.conf --check— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Credit : TrueDigitalGroup
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